Rehabilitation Council of India and Clinical Psychologists-Will some one care to read ?

My response to the issue of RCI- Wrote on Tue Apr 22, 2003 11:16 pm

I am also equally or more unhappy about the implementation of the RCI regulations on training and functioning of clinical psychologists working in settings other than rehabilitation. 

But my feeling is that, we ourselves have to own the responsibility because we asked for it. It was not thrust upon us by the RCI but we requested for it and they ‘obeyed’.

But then they extended it to other areas of clinical psychology. If one analyses the period it was brought out and the people who were involved in dialogue with the RCI and to read between the lines, personal unpleasantness between the concerned people may have led to this situation rather than lack of understanding of the scope of the profession of clinical psychology.

Since the RCI rules have been enacted and until we show our strength through different tactics including lobbying the parliamentarians, we may have to maintain the status quo since we asked for it.For those of you who have not had the chance to read the past communication from the office of IACP, here are some excerpts (The office bearers are good personal friends of mine and ‘no conscious or explicit’ implication to the region to which they belong)

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True Copy (Underline and bold excluded)

(Letter head of IACP)

Dated 2-11-92.

Shri. J.P Singh

Secretary

Rehabilitation Council of India

4, Vishnu Digamber Marg,

New Delhi 110 002.

Sub: Registration of Clinical Psychologists in the Council

Dear Sir,

This is to acknowledge with thanks the receipt of your letter No. 3-2/92-RC/350 dated 23-10-92.

We really feel happy to learn that the Rehabilitation Council of India has been invested with the statutory powers under the recently enacted Rehabilitation Council of India Act-1992 to regulate the training programme of the rehabilitation professionals as well as make their formal registration in the Rehabilitation Registrar of India. It is further heartening to note that the Act provides due recognition to the discipline of Clinical Psychology in this respect. Our Association has been making all – out effort in this direction for quite a long time and we hope that the Rehabilitation Council of India Act should greatly help in safeguarding the interests of the professionals dealing with the disabled and sick. Regardless of certain lacuna in the Act which may require some modification in due course, it gives considerable satisfaction that the Government has come forward with some statutory powers somewhat similar to the Medical Council of India to strengthen the functioning and identity of the paramedical professionals.

In this context we would like to bring to your kind attention that the Indian Association of Clinical Psychologists is the sole national body of clinical psychologists and presently there are more than 200 life members, almost half of them designated as fellows on the basis of their affiliation to the association and academic achievements. Annual subscribers are known as professional members in the association.

As desired by you, an undated list of the members of the association duly authenticated by the Hon. General Secretary, IACP is enclosed herewith along with a copy of the IACP constitution.

As regards the eligibility criteria of clinical psychologist to become a member (professional, life or fellow) of the association he/she should have any one of the essential qualifications given under:

1. Postgraduate Diploma in Medical Psychology or Diploma in Medical Social Psychology / M.Phil. Medical Social Psychology / Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology or equivalent Indian or foreign diploma / degree.
Or
2. Ph.D. in Psychology and at least 4 years experience of whole – time research, teaching or practice of clinical psychology in a recognised institution.
Or
3. Master degree in Psychology with at least 7 years’ experience of whole – time research, teaching or practice of clinical psychology in a recognised institution

A vast majority of the members of the association posses the academic qualification as given in section (a).

I would also like to submit that the training programme in clinical psychology in our country is imparted by the following institution.

Institutes Courses

1. National Institute of Mental Health 1.M.Phil.* Medical Social Psychology (2 Years’ courses)Neurosciences, Bangalore

2. Central Institute of Psychiatry 2. Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology, Kanke, Ranchi (Both the courses as above)

3. P.G.I. Chandigarh 1. Ph.D. in clinical psychology

4. B.H.U, Varanasi 1. Ph.D. in clinical psychology

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• Previously known as Diploma in Medical Social Psychology (D.M. S.P) or Diploma in Medical Psychology (D.M.P).

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Surprisingly enough, there is no mention of any of these training institutes in the Schedule of the Rehabilitation Council of India Act- 1992. It is therefore requested that these institutes should be included in the schedule at the earliest possible as per the provisions of the sub-section (2) of section 11 of the Act. And we hope that the accidental omission of the names of these training institutes should in no way cause any delay in the registration of those who possess any of the above-mentioned qualifications.

Further, if it is not inconvenient to you I would take the opportunity of meeting you personally to further clarify some of the issues relating to the discipline of clinical psychology during my visit to Delhi on 13^thNov. 1992.

Lastly, on behalf of the association I wish to express our sincere thanks for providing valuable support to the professionals engaged in the care of disabled and sick.

With kind regards

Yours sincerely

S.C. Gupta

President – elect, IAPC

Copy to all the members of Indian Associations of Clinical Psychologists as per the resolution of the executive council meeting held on November 1 1992.

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(True Copy)

Letter head

Date 22-09-93.

To,

All the Members of Indian Association of Clinical Psychologists

Sub: Registration of qualified clinical psychologists by the Rehabilitation Council of India, Ministry of Welfare, Govt. of India.

Dear colleague,

In continuation of my letter dated 6^th November 1992 with regard to the recently enacted Rehabilitation Council of India Act 1992 which is invested with the statutory powers of registration of rehabilitation professionals, it gives me great pleasure to bring to your kind attention that the said Act has been enforced w.e.f. 31^st July 1993 as informed by the Secretary, Rehabilitation Council of India vide his letter no. 7-8/93-RCI/2048 dated 6-9-93.

Regardless of the fact that there is only a very limited purpose of registration to the practitioners of clinical psychology under the Rehabilitation Council the available opportunity should of course be utilised.That is what appears to be the consensus of the members who have responded to my circulardated 19-4-93. Undoubtedly, the struggle to achieve the objective of the formation of our own registration council has to continue relentlessly with a greater sense of involvement and commitment of each one of us.

In view of the above it is suggested that the members possessing the requisite qualifications in clinical psychology should submit their application on the prescribed form obtainable from the Secretary, Rehabilitation Council of India, 4 Vishnu Digamber Marg, New Delhi 110 002 for purposes of getting themselves registered under the purview of the Council.

With regards and best wishes.

Yours sincerely

S.C. Gupta

President – elect, IACP.

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Minutes of the Annual General Body Meeting held on 20^th February 2001 at 4.30 P.M. at Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), DELHI. ( Selected Relevant Portion)

The following portion was given as the minutes at the general body meeting held at Chennai in 2002. But this was however deleted by the General Body before passing the minutes. Since I did not attend this meeting and has relevance to the issue of discussion, I have included this report. However this part should not be treated as part of the minutes of the meeting.

8. (The issue of RCI was discussed in detail. Many members actively participated and expressed their views. The President Dr. Mishra elaborated the events occurred regarding RCI and also explained his discussions with RCI authorities, and the responses are awaited. Dr. R.K. Gupta wanted more detail discussion about RCI. Dr. Krishnananda felt a strong need to have a separate council, otherwise the status of the clinical psychologists will go down. He was very optimistic about the separate council even if it takes time. Dr. G.G. Prabhu explained the administrative problems both scientific and technical. He felt that all of us joined together (sic) in certain situations either to over react are totally deny the situation. This attitude should not continue. He also felt that it is better to understand what are the powers and see what clauses are clamping the profession and expressed that RCI cannot function as I.T. Department. He felt that the meeting organised by T.B. Singh was a trap. He suggested that confrontation is not going to be useful but a dialogue with Chairman is going to better.

Dr. T.B. Singh conducted a meeting for RCI and explained the circumstances in which he had to do it. Some of the members expressed that this was against the interest of the larger members of the association. Dr. K. B. Kumar explained about the visit by the RCI to his department. He felt that no confrontation is going to be useful and suggested that it would be better to discuss with RCI Chairman before taking any strong decision. It was felt that 6 months time given to the RCI to respond is very short. Dr. V. Kumaraiah reported that he did not recommend for payment to the RCI for inspection of his department, but RCI could come on general visit. Dr. Kiran Kumar wanted the details of resolutions of the meeting held at the IBHAS by RCI. Dr. T.B. Singh gave the details.

Dr. Nathawat wanted details regarding the interpretation of the RCI act and suggested action plan to create awareness among members to curb the misuse of certain provisions. Dr. Kiran Rao expressed happiness for the steps taken at Imphal to restrain RCI in interfering with smooth functioning of clinical psychologists. She felt that rehabilitation was only a part of clinical psychology. So it was not justified to disturb the entire field of clinical psychology. She suggested Dr. Prabhu’s name to be co-ordinator to solve the problem. But Dr. Prabhu expressed his inability to the Co-ordinator. Dr. Manorajan Sahay questioned that why RCI did not go to Orthopaedics and social workers. He wanted that the public should be informed about clinical psychology profession. Dr. Sakunthala Dube felt that there should not be any confrontation with RCI. She expressed that the present set up and atmosphere in RCI was congenial for negotiations.

Some of the members expressed that we should follow physiotherapists in coming out of RCI control by taking legal help. RCI can have control over the people directly working in rehabilitation. Dr. Shanti Mathur and Dr. A.C. Verma even suggested to change the name of association to over come the problem).

However this portion of the minutes was passed by the General Body

The final consensus of the opinion was that (a) No confrontation with the RCI for the time being (b) To meet the authorities and negotiate for a favourable outcome in a systematic way.

Dr. Bhaskar Naidu,

Hon. General Secretary

I.A.C.P.

RCI- Till we have a new way out

RCI-No other way out till we have a new council!

"I will not let go the clinical psychologist's. I have brought under RCI not
only clinical psychologists, but also psychologists and psychiatrists (leaving
aside other professionals and "para" professionals) working in the area of
rehabilitation. Now you have approached to take out the clinical
psychologists. And you did not want other psychologists in rehabilitation to
be protected by you. So, if you are representing the entire psychologists of
the country, (which is more than 10,000,) I may rethink. If you say that "We
clinical psychologists are more privileged and we should be kept out, and you
keep the psychologists". I may as well regulate all of you, since there is no
other council is regulating you.

But then again it is difficult since the psychiatrists of this country are
also facing a similar issue with RCI. But I have to find out whether the
course of psychiatry is also brought under RCI, as we have done with your
MPhil course".

To start a professional course, at present there are different regulatory
bodies for different professions. For example, a course Engineering has to be
recommended by the University, and get the approval of All India Council of
Technical Education. The same pattern is followed in other disciplines-
Medicine-Medical Council of India, Nursing-Nursing Council of India, Teaching-
National Council of Teacher Education, which regulates the B. Ed programme
(excepting those on special education which is regulated by RCI)

Though you had professional organisations and institutes that acclaim high
status and were aware of the need for more clinical psychologists in this
country, what have you done so far? In that respect RCI should be credited
for facilitating to start clinical psychology programmes in different parts of
the country. Within a span of three years, three more centres came up.
Probably the number would increase within a couple of year's time, since there
is a great demand for the courses. Would you clinical psychologists consider
this as a negative aspect of RCI? Do you think that 12+12 clinical
psychologists (of which only the service of 12 are effectively available
within the country) per year is enough for taking care of the mental health
needs of the country?. In the area of "rehabilitation" alone we require the
services of more clinical psychologists for implementing the programs as we at
RCI visualize.

So what is wrong in we regulating you, since your work is closely linked to
us? You cannot escape from this at the moment. So as per the rules, if you
like it or not, you have no other option. If you want to be a clinical
psychologist, you have to get trained in one of the institutions accredited by
us-till you bring your own alternative arrangement through an act of
parliament.

Now the choice is yours. After passing out you may register yourself with us
or not. If the psychiatrists also loose their case, you cannot get out from
here. Even if you have an independent council, for those working in the area
of rehabilitation, you need to be regulated by us - like the doctors who have
a separate council, but those psychiatrists who practice in our area, need to
get our accreditation too. But if you are influential enough to make enough
lobbying you may be able to take out the course and give it to a "new
council", if there is one. If you feel that you need legal protection, you
may register with us. If you do not want you need not"

Wrote on Mar 15, 2004 11:05 am

Psychology Associations in India: Where do we go?

Psychology Associations in India:  Where do we go?

If we are not able to learn from our 80 years of experience, what should we call ourselves ?

Let us think about changing our own attitudes and beliefs if we want to see perceptible change in the growth of the organization- if some one cares for it. Instead of lamenting about the growth of other organizations and being jealous about their growth we need to do lot of introspection. But sorry to say, I am very pessimistic about it now. The reasons are many-

1. We are good at making others introspect- and we are not ready for self analysis. Rather were not trained to do that during our training period. When we do sometimes, we get biased.

2. Though there are factionalism and grouping in every organization, our( psychologists) associations are caught up with individualism and fragmentation. To verify this observation, you may check about the status of every Psychological Association in India including Indian Psychological Association. ( Many new comers may not have even heard of IPA which is more than half a century old and there are not more than 2% percent of the members of IACP holding membership in IPA too).

3. To verify the above observation you may experiment by organizing a regular  local discussion group of psychologists or clinical psychologists wherever you are. ( I have my own findings which I can share with the group later).

4. Annual Conferences alone will not make an organization grow. Lobbying is very very important. Our association has not learned about that so far. We lament about the growth of other professions.  There is always a group of committed people who are devoting time to the growth of the profession. But we have the usual response- "I am busy with my clients, work, research distance, timing etc  "and we are not willing to pay either. We may have to think of having a paid person/persons for the lobbying- a young psychologist who can travel extensively and meet the policy makers regularly, organize press conferences and mobilize parliamentarians

• To convince the policy makers about the role of the profession of psychology in general and clinical psychology in particular
• To initiate more doctoral - postgraduate level programs in different specialties of psychology at the UGC level
• To clarify the status of Psychologists- RCI, Council of Social Science or an Independent Council.
• To convince them about the need for a Separate council for psychologists ( This requires lot of input, including the compilation of the works of the psychologists in India in building up the nation over the past 80 long years)

There is lot of work to be executed and it cannot be done through sitting in our own comfortable chairs and episodic meetings.

Constant and consistent hard work is the only answer and it cannot be extracted by saying " Thank YOU" . We also have to learn to pay for the services that we get from the association on a regular basis. You may ask EDJoseph who is "rich" in his experience in paying from his own pocket for the benefits he had fought and obtained from the Government, which was benefited by all others in the Government service.

• 5. If the thinking of the new generation is  "what benefit do I get by becoming a member of the association"  we need to respond to that cognitive component and provide options, for us to get over this pessimistic state.

 Wrote on Mar 11, 2003 11:20 am 

Publications- Yet to Update

Book Chapters

Manickam, L.S.S. (2015). Excelling in the practice of Psychotherapy: Insights from Indian Philosophical Psychology. (p.116-119). In Excellence: A multidimensional Appraisal. J. Mohan ( Ed). Chandigarh: Publication Bureau, Punjab University.

Manickam, L.S.S (2012) Clearing the Cobwebs: Establishing psychological assessment center. In T.S.S. Rao, Vishal Indla and Indla Ramsubha Reddy (Eds) Career Planning for Young Psychiatrists: What you do not learn at College.  Mysore: Indian Journal of Psychiatry

Manickam, L.S.S (2011) Training Centers of Clinical psychology in India. In T.S.S. Rao (Ed) Training Institutes in Psychiatry in India. Mysore: Indian Journal of Psychiatry.

Khan, N. W., Kanchan, A. Manickam, L.S.S.( 2011) Psychosocial Issues in elderly sexuality. In Intimacy Matters: Elderly Sexuality. Mysore: Indian Association for Geriatric Mental Health, (p.213-230).

Manickam, L.S.S. (2010). Theoretical underpinnings of gestalt therapy. In M. O. Ezenwa (ed). Opening up to gestalt therapy in Africa (pp.65-100). Enugu, Nigeria: Immaculate publications.

Manickam, L.S.S. (2008) Research on Indian Concepts of psychology: Major Challenges and Perspectives for future action. In Rao, K.R., Paranjpe, A.C. &Dalal, A.K. (Eds.) Handbook of Indian Psychology, New Delhi: Foundation Books.

Manickam, L.S.S. (2005) Development of Personality Tool Based on Upanishadic Concepts: Conceptual and Methodological Issues. In Ramakrishna Rao (Ed) Yoga and Indian Psychology. Vishakapatanam: Institute for Human Science and Service.

Manickam, L.S.S.  (2004) Sahya: The Concept in Indian Philosophical Psychology and its Contemporary Relevance. In Yoga and Indian Approaches to Psychology. Joshi, K and Cornelissen, M (Eds.). New-Delhi: Centre for the Study of Civilizations.

Manickam, L.S.S. & Helenjoy, B.H. (1995). Man Shall not Separate What God has United. In Marriage Counselling (Malayalam) Thiruvananthapuram: Women’s Fellowship Publication.

Manickam L. S .S.   (1993):  Alcohol Dependence: Guidelines to Counselling.  In Pastoral Counselling, (Malayalam) G. Sobhanam (ed.), Thiruvananthapuram: Women’s Fellowship Publication.

Manickam, L .S .S.  (1993):  Pastoral care of AIDS patients, In Pastoral Counselling. (Malayalam) G. Sobhanam (ed.) Thiruvananthapuram: Women’s Fellowship Publication.

 Journal Articles:

    International

Krys, K., Vauclair, C. M., Capaldi, C. A., Lun, V. M. C., Bond, M. H., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., ... & Manickam, L.S.S. (2016). Be Careful Where You Smile: Culture Shapes Judgments of Intelligence and Honesty of Smiling Individuals. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 1-16.

Afshan, A., Askari, I., & Manickam, L. S. S. (2015). Shyness, Self-Construal, Extraversion–Introversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism. SAGE Open, 5(2), 2158244015587559.

Shatananda, S., Leister, N.S., Annigeri, B. SatyanarayanaRao, T.S., & Manickam, L.S.S. (2013). Cognitive impairment among institutionalized elderly individuals in Mysore, South India. Sri Lanka Journal of Psychiatry, 4, (2), 25-28.

National

        

        

Manickam, L.S.S. (2016). Gestalt Therapy Practice in India: Initial reflections. 

Manickam, L.S.S. (2016). Challenges of Professionalizing Psychology in India:   Where do we go from here? Indian Journal of Psychology, Centennial issue. 243-252.

Manickam, L.S.S. (2016). Towards Formation of Indian Federation of Psychology Associations: Let us Wake Up for Our Causes.  Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 42,1, 40-52. 

Manickam, L. S. S., & Sajani, V. (2016). Elements of Drawing and Depression among Adolescents in Kerala, South India: An Explorative Study using A Person Picking a Mango from a Tree. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health, 23(1).

Kruthi, M., Ghanbary, M., & Manickam, L. S. S. (2015). Somatic Inkblot Series –II profiles of Iranian couples: An Exploratory study. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health, 22, 124-129.

Manickam, L.S.S. (2014) The Development and validation of the Questionnaire Measure of Sahya/ Tolerance. Journal of Psychological Researches, 58, (2), 75-83.

Sony, M.S. &  Manickam, L.S.S. (2014). Relapse among persons with alcohol dependence disorder: Does assertiveness matter? Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 32-38.

Afshan, A., D’Souza, L., & Manickam, L.S.S. (2014). Shyness and Masculinity-Femininity of adolescents living in their homes and those staying at hostels in Mysore. Indian Journal of Applied Psychology, 51, (1), 5-12.

Manickam, L.S.S., & Suhani, B.T.  (2014). Marital Conflict: An Exploration of relationship issues in couples through SIS-II.  SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health, 21, 37-41.

John, A., Sadasivan, A., Sukumaran, A., Bhola, P., David, N.J., & Manickam, L.S.S. (2013). Practice Guidelines: Learning Disability. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, (2), 65-88.

Manickam, L.S.S., Ghanbary, M., & Kruthi, M.  (2013) Therapeutic Effectiveness      of SIS- II in a Case of Psychogenic Cough. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health, 20, 91-97.

Manickam, L.S.S. (2013).Integrative change model in psychotherapy: Perspectives from Indian thought. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55, S322-S328.

SathyanarayanaRao, T.S., Manickam L.S.S. &Kallivayalil, R.A. (2013). Indian Mental Concepts: Looking Forward. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55:S134-5.

Manickam, L.S.S. (2013) Consistency of Response Pattern on Rorschach after an Interval of 14 Years:  A Case Report, SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health, 20, 62-67.

Arunadevi, N.T, Afshan, A., Helenjoy, B.H. SatyanarayanaRao, T.S. & Manickam, L.S.S. (2012) Sexuality education for adolescents: Parent-teacher associations to awake and act. Journal of Studies in Teacher Education, 5, 10-18.

Igbokwe, O. D., Agoha, B. C. E., Akomolafe, A. C. & Manickam, L. S. S. (2012). Assimilative Integration of Gestalt Therapy in the Treatment of Pentazocine   Drug Dependence: A Case Report. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39, 75-80.

Manickam, L.S.S. &Shatananda, C.S. (2011). Early Identification of Learning Disability through Response to Instruction and Response to Intervention: Newer Challenges. Journal of Studies in Teacher Education, 4, 81-84.

Bindu, A., SathyanarayanaRao, T.S.S., Ashok, N.C., Prabhakar, A. K. & Manickam, L.S. S. (2011). “Identifying the ‘mentally disabled’ in the community: How much more is to be imparted to the internees in training?” Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 53-56.

Manickam L.S.S. (2010) Psychotherapy in India. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 52,    S366-370.

Manickam L.S.S. (2010) Theme Paper: Enabling the Disabled, Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32, 7-10.

Helen Joy, B.H and Manickam, L.S.S. (2010), Yashpal Committee Report: Implications for Teacher Educators and Educational Policymakers. GCTE Journal of Research and Extension in Education, 5, 42-51.

Manickam, L.S.S. (2008) Reflective Thinking in Teacher Training: Some Insights from Indian Philosophical Psychology, GCTE Journal of Research and Extension in Education, 3, 28-32.

Manickam L.S.S, SathyanarayanaRao T.S. (2007) Undergraduate medical education: Psychological perspectives from India. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 49:175-8.

Manickam L S.S., Saravanan, S., Nithya, H.M &Susheela S. (2006). Counselling Problem Children: Evaluation of School Mental Health Programme in Rural Chennai, South India. GCTE Journal of Research and Extension in Education 1, 17 – 32.

Manickam, L S. S. & Chandran, R. S. (2005).Life Skills profile of Patients with Schizophrenia and its Correlation to Rejection Feeling of Key Family Carers. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 47, 94 – 98.

  Dubey, B.L., Cassell, W. A., Manickam, L.S.S. & Singh, A. R. (2005). Efficacy of Somatic Inkblot Test in Personality Assessment, Diagnostic Evaluation and Therapeutic Intervention. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31, 10 -23.

Manickam, L.S.S. & Dubey, B.L (2005) Rorschach Inkblot Method in India: Historical Review and Perspectives for Future Action. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health, 12. 61-78.

Manickam, L.S.S., Suhani, B.T. &Jasseer, J. (2004). Psychotherapy of a Male Patient with Dissociative Convulsive Disorder: SIS Breaks the Resistance. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health, 11, 36-44.

Manickam, L.S.S. & Suhani, B.T. (2003). Psychotherapeutic Usefulness of SIS-II in a Male Client with Somatoform Disorder: Case Illustration. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health, 10, 2,209-218.

Helenjoy, B.H. & Manickam, L.S.S. (2002). Computer Assisted Instruction: Attitudes of Teachers and the Correlates. Perspectives in Education, 18, 235-242.

Manickam, L S. S.  (2001). Day Care of the Chronic Mentally Ill: Public Response in Kerala to Media Announcement. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 24, 46-52.

Manickam, L S. S.  (2001). Validation of MAST on Kerala Population. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 24, 35-38.

Sajani, V. &Manickam, L.S.S. (2000). Integrative Art Therapy in Adolescents: An Experiential Study. Teens: Journal of Teenage Care & Premarital Counseling, 1, 35-40.

Manickam, L S. S. & Chandran, R. S. (1998).  Rejection of Chronic Schizophrenic Patients: Some Preliminary Observations from Kerala.  Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 274-279.

Manickam, L S. S.  (1998). Evaluation of Training of Lay Volunteers in Christian Counselling. Journal of Personality and Clinical Studies, 14, 69-73.

Manickam, L. S. S.  (1997). Emotional Empathy in Professional and Lay Counsellors. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 140-143.

Manickam, L S. S.  (1997). Training Community Volunteers in Preventing Alcoholism and Drug Addiction. A Basic programme and its Impact on Certain Variables. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 39, 220-225.

Ramachandran, K. & Manickam, L. S. S.  (1997). Induced Delusional Disorder in an Adolescent: A Case Report. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 39, 351-353.

Manickam, L. S .S.  (1996). Correlation of Crown-Crisp Experiential Index and EPQ. Psychological Studies, 41, 65-69.

Manickam, L. S .S. (1996). Training Program in Lay Counselling: Some Preliminary Observations.  Arasaradi Journal of Theological Reflections, 9, 90-96.

Manickam L. S. S.  (1995). Experienced Empathy and Assessed Empathy in Lay Counsellors. Journal of Personality and Clinical Studies, 11, 71-75.

Manickam L .S .S.  (1995).   Pastoral Counselling Training in India. A Survey Report. Arasaradi Journal of Theological Reflections, 1995, 8, 125-130.    

Manickam L. S. S., Haritha, T. A.  &Sreenivasan, K. V.  (1994). Group Therapy in Alcoholism: A Multi modal Approach.  Creative Psychologist, 6, 9-4.

Manickam, L. S. S.  (1994).   Integration of HIV / AIDS Preventive Message into Existing De addiction/ Counselling Networks. Social Defence, 35, 8-24.

Manickam L. S. S., Sreenivasan K .V. Chandran, R. S. & Sobha, K, (1994).    Knowledge of HIV/AIDS in Rural Population in Kerala. The Mind, 20, 26-30.

Manickam, L.S.S.  (1991). Self-Perceived Empathy in Professionals and Trained Lay Counsellors.  Journal of Personality and Clinical Studies, 7, 37-41.

Manickam, L.S.S.  (1990). Empathy: A Comparative Study of Professionals and Trained Lay Counsellors Using Hypothetical Situations.  Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 32, 83-88.

Manickam, L.S.S. & Kuruvilla, K. (1990). Multimodal Approach to the Treatment of Alcoholism. Social Defence, 30, 20-27.

Manickam L.S.S.  (1989). Social Psychological Factors Related to Drug Addiction. Social Defence, 29, 29-33.

Manickam, L.S.S.  (1988). Reactions of Professionals and Trained Lay Counsellors to Simulated Client. Journal of Personality and Clinical Studies 4, 165-168.

Manickam, L.S.S.   (1988). Attitude of Protestant Priests towards Alcoholism. National Council of Churches Review, 48, 507-510.

Manickam, L.S.S. (1986). Reactions of Professionals and Trained Lay Couns ellors to Audio Taped Interview. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 9, 74-78.

Manickam, L.S.S.  &Kuruvilla, K. (1986). Attempted Suicide in Adolescents: Three case Reports. Child Psychiatry Quarterly.19, 143-148.

Manickam, L.S.S. & Kapur, M (1985). Empathy in Professionals and Trained Lay Counsellors: A Comparison.  Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 27, 297-310.